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      <span class="post-info-item"><i class="iconfont iconcalendar"></i>十二月 14, 2022</span>
      
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        <h2 id="1-VIM不使用ESC退出插入模式的方法"><a href="#1-VIM不使用ESC退出插入模式的方法" class="headerlink" title="1. VIM不使用ESC退出插入模式的方法"></a>1. VIM不使用ESC退出插入模式的方法</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ctrl + [  # 可以退出插入模式</span><br><span class="line">alt + z   # 可以退出 插入模式 (windows版git可用)</span><br><span class="line">ctrl + c  # 也可以退出插入模式 (会中断当前命令)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="2-Shell脚本自动查询并结束进程"><a href="#2-Shell脚本自动查询并结束进程" class="headerlink" title="2. Shell脚本自动查询并结束进程"></a>2. Shell脚本自动查询并结束进程</h2><figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">pid=`ps -ef|grep ./agent |grep -v grep|awk <span class="string">&#x27;&#123;print $2&#125;&#x27;</span>`</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">kill</span> \<span class="variable">$pid</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="3-TMUX-不开启鼠标实现，上下滚动历史"><a href="#3-TMUX-不开启鼠标实现，上下滚动历史" class="headerlink" title="3. TMUX 不开启鼠标实现，上下滚动历史"></a>3. TMUX 不开启鼠标实现，上下滚动历史</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">control +  b + 页面向上/向下滚动向上/向下滚动缓冲区的一页</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="4-Docker-compose-实现-docker-run-itd"><a href="#4-Docker-compose-实现-docker-run-itd" class="headerlink" title="4. Docker-compose 实现 docker run -itd"></a>4. Docker-compose 实现 docker run -itd</h2><figure class="highlight yml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">tty:</span> <span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">stdin_open:</span> <span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">entrypoint:</span> <span class="string">/bin/sh</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="5-查看目录文件大小时按大小排序"><a href="#5-查看目录文件大小时按大小排序" class="headerlink" title="5. 查看目录文件大小时按大小排序"></a>5. 查看目录文件大小时按大小排序</h2><figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">du</span> -sh * | <span class="built_in">sort</span> -hr</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>其中，-sh 表示以大小排序，* 表示当前目录下的所有文件和文件夹，sort -hr 表示按大小升序排序。</p>
<h2 id="6-ll-命令修改时间格式"><a href="#6-ll-命令修改时间格式" class="headerlink" title="6. ll 命令修改时间格式"></a>6. ll 命令修改时间格式</h2><p>找到 <code>ll</code> 命令的别名设置，一般在 <code>/etc/profile</code> 、<code>~/.profile</code> 、<code>~/.bashrc</code> 等位置。然后添加 <code>--time-style</code> 选项。</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">alias</span> ll = <span class="string">&quot;ls -l --time-style=&#x27;+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S&#x27;&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>效果展示</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">root@nas:~<span class="comment"># ll</span></span><br><span class="line">total 4.0K</span><br><span class="line">lrwxrwxrwx+ 1 root root   26 2023-12-19 23:03:49 home -&gt; /var/services/plex</span><br><span class="line">drwx------  4 root root 4.0K 2024-04-04 17:21:07 nginx</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><strong>OpenWRT配置</strong></p>
<p>由于 OpenWRT 上的版本差异，配置有所差别，修改配置文件： <code>/etc/shinit</code></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">alias</span> ll=<span class="string">&#x27;ls -alF --color=auto --full-time&#x27;</span> </span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>效果展示</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">BusyBox v1.36.0 (2023-03-19 03:31:49 UTC) built-in shell (ash)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">     _________</span><br><span class="line">    /        /\      _    ___ ___  ___</span><br><span class="line">   /  LE    /  \    | |  | __|   \| __|</span><br><span class="line">  /    DE  /    \   | |__| _|| |) | _|</span><br><span class="line"> /________/  LE  \  |____|___|___/|___|</span><br><span class="line"> \        \   DE /</span><br><span class="line">  \    LE  \    /  -------------------------------------------</span><br><span class="line">   \  DE    \  /    OpenWrt SNAPSHOT, r5864-854ee73cb6</span><br><span class="line">    \________\/    -------------------------------------------</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">root@OpenWrt:~<span class="comment"># ll</span></span><br><span class="line">drwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          3488 2023-11-07 22:33:02 +0800 ./</span><br><span class="line">drwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          3488 2023-04-17 13:04:49 +0800 ../</span><br><span class="line">drwxr-xr-x   10 root     root          3488 2023-05-13 00:51:58 +0800 .acme.sh/</span><br><span class="line">-rw-------    1 root     root             5 2023-06-06 23:49:23 +0800 .bash_history</span><br><span class="line">drwx------    2 root     root          3488 2023-04-14 19:42:13 +0800 .ssh/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="7-查看-命令的别名定义"><a href="#7-查看-命令的别名定义" class="headerlink" title="7. 查看 命令的别名定义"></a>7. 查看 命令的别名定义</h2><p>比如查看 ll 是怎么被定义的</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">root@OpenWrt:/etc/openclash<span class="comment"># alias ll</span></span><br><span class="line">ll=<span class="string">&#x27;ls -alhF --color=auto  --full-time&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="8-查看-Bash-加载了哪些配置文件"><a href="#8-查看-Bash-加载了哪些配置文件" class="headerlink" title="8. 查看 Bash 加载了哪些配置文件"></a>8. 查看 Bash 加载了哪些配置文件</h2><p>要查看当前Bash会话加载了哪些配置文件，可以采用以下几种方法：</p>
<p><strong>查看启动日志</strong>：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Bash在启动时会记录其加载的配置文件。这些信息通常会被写入到标准错误输出（stderr），但在交互式会话中可能被终端程序隐藏。你可以尝试在一个新的终端窗口中启动bash，并重定向其启动时的stderr输出到一个文件，以便查看：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">bash -l 2&gt; startup.log</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后查看<code>startup.log</code>文件，其中应包含bash加载配置文件的相关消息。这些消息通常包括文件路径和加载时间。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>**使用<code>bash -x</code>**：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>使用<code>bash -x</code>选项启动一个新的bash会话，它会启用详细调试模式，显示每一条命令及其执行结果。这将包括bash在启动过程中执行的配置文件中的命令：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">bash -lx</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>在启动的bash会话中，你会看到类似<code>+ source /etc/profile</code>这样的行，它们表明bash正在加载指定的配置文件。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="9-切换-root-账号-su-命令"><a href="#9-切换-root-账号-su-命令" class="headerlink" title="9. 切换 root 账号 su 命令"></a>9. 切换 root 账号 su 命令</h2><p><code>su</code> 命令可以切换用户如 <code>su admin</code>，需要验证目标用户的 admin 的密码，对于切换 root 账户 <code>su root</code> 可以简写为 <code>su</code>。</p>
<p><strong>重要参数</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>-, -l, –login                  make the shell a login shell</li>
</ul>
<p>案例：  </p>
<ul>
<li><code>su root</code> 只是切换用户身份，工作目录还停留在当前目录，并且与 root 相关的环境变量也没有加载</li>
<li><code>su - root</code> 除了切换用户身份，还切换到 root 的 home 目录，并且相关的环境变量也加载，就像重写登录了 root 一样</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>SUDO权限</strong></p>
<p><code>su</code> 命令切换root用户需要输入 root 的密码，但是在有 SUDO 权限的时候，可以不用输入 root 的密码，仅仅验证自己的密码即可。  </p>
<ul>
<li><code>sudo su - root</code> 验证自己密码后即可切换到 root 账号</li>
</ul>

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    <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-VIM%E4%B8%8D%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8ESC%E9%80%80%E5%87%BA%E6%8F%92%E5%85%A5%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-text">1. VIM不使用ESC退出插入模式的方法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-Shell%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2%E5%B9%B6%E7%BB%93%E6%9D%9F%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-text">2. Shell脚本自动查询并结束进程</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-TMUX-%E4%B8%8D%E5%BC%80%E5%90%AF%E9%BC%A0%E6%A0%87%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%8B%E6%BB%9A%E5%8A%A8%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2"><span class="toc-text">3. TMUX 不开启鼠标实现，上下滚动历史</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-Docker-compose-%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0-docker-run-itd"><span class="toc-text">4. Docker-compose 实现 docker run -itd</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F%E6%97%B6%E6%8C%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F"><span class="toc-text">5. 查看目录文件大小时按大小排序</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-ll-%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-text">6. ll 命令修改时间格式</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B-%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%9A%84%E5%88%AB%E5%90%8D%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89"><span class="toc-text">7. 查看 命令的别名定义</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#8-%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B-Bash-%E5%8A%A0%E8%BD%BD%E4%BA%86%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-text">8. 查看 Bash 加载了哪些配置文件</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#9-%E5%88%87%E6%8D%A2-root-%E8%B4%A6%E5%8F%B7-su-%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4"><span class="toc-text">9. 切换 root 账号 su 命令</span></a></li></ol>
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